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Hodnocení významu druhově pestrých směsí trav, jetelovin a bylin pro biodiverzitu
Fiodorová, Daniela
The aim of the study was to evaluate the species composition and proportion of agrobotanical plant groups in an established species-rich vegetation whitch was set up in 2022 in the first year of growth. Furthermore, the research aimed to determine the feeding value, diversity index, equitability and to assess the honey yield of the vegetation. The study investigated whether the date had an effect on the occurrence of pollinators in the vegetation and which groups of pollinators were most frequent. The vegetation was monitored using phytocenological imaging in a 1 m2 square plot in the centre of the experimental area. Insect abundance was assessed by observation directly in the plot and also by trapping in yellow trays. The recording in the first year of growth of the vegetation mixture showed high infestation. A total of 28 plant species were observed in the experimental plot. The agrobotanical group of herbs was not the most represented by number of species. The date had an effect (p<0,05) on the occurrence of Apis mellifera and the order Diptera. The order Diptera was the most abundant order during observations of infestations and pollinator capture.
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Education of preschool children in the topic of honey bee as an important pollinator.
MERIKOVÁ, Jitka
Presented bachelor thesis was focused on creating a range of educational activities within the framework of environmental education, the aim of which was to raise the awareness of preschool children about the importance of the honey bee as our important pollinator. The main emphasis was placed on a playful form of activities that are intended to arouse children's interest in learning in the given area and, using experiential learning methods, to realize the importance of pollinators for our society and humanity as such. Basic pedagogical terms and terminology were defined in the theoretical part. Another part of the bachelor's thesis was devoted to the origin of the honey bee, its biology and morphology. An integral part of this literary part, a description of the principle of pollination, its impact on food production and environmental biodiversity. In the Practical part, activities focused on a playful form of experiential learning was presented. The presented activities were implemented in a kindergarten in South Bohemia and are described in detail. The program was subjected to reflection, which evaluated the impact of educational offers on children in kindergarten.
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Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Driving the Structure of Plant-Pollinator Networks
Hadrava, Jiří
Associations between flowers and pollinators are responsible for reproduction of majority of plant species as well as food supply for substantial part of animal diversity on the Earth. Until recently, the studies on plant-pollinator relationship were focused predominantly on pollination of particular plant species, with only little or no accent on community perspective. In recent decades, however, pollination ecology shifted its focus rather to community context by introducing so called pollination networks. This approach allows us to view the ubiquity and complexity of the interactions between plants and their pollinators and it opened up many new opportunities to study the pollination from animal perspective or to access spatio-temporal variability in the interactions. However, we still have only limited insight into the processes driving the structure and dynamics of such networks. The assembly of plants, pollinators and their interactions are driven by various ecological as well as evolutionary processes. From the ecological point of view, species co-occurrence in time and space may affect the interactions, or species flexibility for various community contexts providing different food sources may play role. In the evolutionary perspective, species may have various co-adaptations due to their...
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Úbytek opylovačů v krajině
Pokorná, Anna
The bachelor thesis is focused on the decrease of pollinator insects in the landscape. The majority of the thesis is dedicated to the bees. The thesis is focused on the decrease of pollinating insects both within the global and local context in the Czech Republic. Literary research examines the causes and effects of the decrease but also the steps to undertake within the protection, recommendations, measures and different approach towards pollinator insects. The research itself is defined by the location Brno-venkov and the whole research is dedicated only to the bees. The research is carried out by the method of semi-structured interviews with beekeepers. The interviews examine the subjective view of the issue and also whether the beekeepers themselves registered the decline of their hives and how they approached it. The research shows that beekeepers themselves do not observe a decrease in the long run, on the contrary, there has been an increase in the number of hives. However, the decrease of pollinators insects, in general, was observed by several respondents, most of them were species of bumblebees and butterflies. Several beekeepers mentioned poor or insufficient cooperation with farmers, agricultural chemistry and a ruthless approach to the environment.
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Krajinářská studie se zaměřením na podporu stanovišť opylovatelů
Řezanina, Zdeněk
The thesis is focused on a landscape study including the food requirements of pollinators, escecially Apis mellifera. Its essential part is the methodology and the evaluation of the landscape including an area of almost 20km2. The current state of the region is compared with the proposed state, and thus data are obtained on the impact of the proposed measures on food sources for pollinators. Furthermore, 3 different areas are compared in terms of potential food sourses for bees. The results of this thesis is a methodology for evaluating the food supply for pollinators and its application for the current area and its proposed state.
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Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Driving the Structure of Plant-Pollinator Networks
Hadrava, Jiří ; Klečka, Jan (advisor) ; Gilbert, Francis Sylvest (referee) ; Vujić, Ante (referee)
Associations between flowers and pollinators are responsible for reproduction of majority of plant species as well as food supply for substantial part of animal diversity on the Earth. Until recently, the studies on plant-pollinator relationship were focused predominantly on pollination of particular plant species, with only little or no accent on community perspective. In recent decades, however, pollination ecology shifted its focus rather to community context by introducing so called pollination networks. This approach allows us to view the ubiquity and complexity of the interactions between plants and their pollinators and it opened up many new opportunities to study the pollination from animal perspective or to access spatio-temporal variability in the interactions. However, we still have only limited insight into the processes driving the structure and dynamics of such networks. The assembly of plants, pollinators and their interactions are driven by various ecological as well as evolutionary processes. From the ecological point of view, species co-occurrence in time and space may affect the interactions, or species flexibility for various community contexts providing different food sources may play role. In the evolutionary perspective, species may have various co-adaptations due to their...
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Insect pollinators issues and alternative methods of control of fungal, bacterial, and parasitic diseases of bees
MRÁZ, Petr
This Ph.D. thesis is focused on the importance of insect pollinators and pointed out to their loss due to intensive agriculture. Great attention is paid to the honey bee as the main pollinator, especially to the issue of quality nutrition of bee colonies in connection with the support of detoxification of pesticides. Furthermore, the main effort is devoted to alternative possibilities of control of selected bee pathogens and research of their prevalence in the Czech Republic. The work is divided into two main parts: a detailed background research and an experimental part consisting of six subchapters with results from my own research studies. The first study deals with the effect of pollination on the qualitative and quantitative yield parameters of honeysuckle. Several pollination variants were tested and the best result in all monitored parameters was achieved by the pollination with natural pollinators. Variants of manual pollination and without pollination caused uneven maturation of fruits and lower yields. Furthermore, the diversity and abundance of pollinators in the vicinity of this crop were observed and the most suitable pollinators identified which appear to be bumblebees and the honey bee. The second study deals with the impact of agricultural intensity on the diversity and abundance of pollinators in the landscape. Localities with organic and conventional management regimes were compared. Significantly higher diversity and abundance of pollinators was recorded in the locality managed by organic farming. In addition, the contamination load of pesticide residues in bee's body was also monitored. Residues of several pesticides were detected at the site with conventional agriculture, while none of them were detected at the site with organic farming. The third study examines the effect of nutrition, specifically phenolic substances, on the ability of bees to detoxify the pesticide to which they have been exposed. In the experiment, the bees in the cages were fed with a mixture of selected polyphenols, commonly found in pollen, and the pesticide thiacloprid. Mortality and daily feed consumption were monitored for 14 days, and the expression level of detoxification genes was analyzed at specified intervals. Phenolic substances have been shown to have a positive effect on the lifespan of intoxicated bees, as well as higher feed consumption, which may indicate an increased need for these substances. In contrast, the increased expression of detoxification genes was not confirmed. Other studies focus on honey bee pathogens. One of them monitors the occurrence and prevalence of selected major bee pathogens in the Czech Republic and compares different types of habitats, such as urban areas, agriculturally intensively cultivated areas and protected natural areas. Surprisingly, the most often detected pathogen was Lotmaria passim. From the viral diseases, the highest rate of occurrence had DWV complex and ABPV. In general, more eukaryotic pathogens were found in cities and agricultural landscapes. On the contrary, more viral diseases were recorded in the protected natural area. The fifth subchapter consists of 4 publications and deals with the use of essential oils to control the Varroa destructor mite and the entomopathogenic fungus Ascosphaera apis. The first publication compares the growth and development of the fungus A. apis on different culture media and proposes a new medium with the addition of bee brood, on which the greatest sporulation was recorded. Another 2 publications deal with the fungicidal effect of selected essential oils in laboratory conditions. The best results were shown by essential oils of thyme, cedar wood, cloves and cinnamon. The fourth publication deals with the acaricidal effect of selected essential oils on the V. destructor mites and at the same time evaluate the toxicity of these oils to adult bees. Based on these results, essential oils with the highest LD50 to bees / LD50 to mites ratio (sele
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Vliv druhového složení květnatých pásů ve městech na skladbu opylovačů.
FIŠEROVÁ, Alena
This masters thesis studies the influence of species diversity of bloomig flowers in the flower strips on the composition of pollinators community, which is wisiting the flower strips. The flowers are blooming plentiful during the whole season and therefore they are providing resources for the functional groups of pollinators. Therefore these flower strips are helping to increase the biodiversity in cities.
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Possibilities of implementation of the pollination as the pedagogical content of the elementary schools
MAŠKOVÁ, Anna
The diploma thesis focuses on pollinators as a subject of science education and especially the possibility of implementation in teaching at primary school. The research part deals with pollination, the importance of pollinators, anchoring the topic in the Framework Educational Program, and especially the analysis of several textbooks of science for primary schools in terms of the topic of pollinators. To obtain the necessary data in the practical part, didactic tests and an educational project for the pupils of 4th and 6th grade at primary schools were created. Based on the acquired findings, a conclusion was drawn regarding the possible inclusion of the topic in teaching at primary school.
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The efficiency of pollen transfer by selected functional groups of pollinators and the ability of plants to influence it
Freudenfeld, Martin ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Klečka, Jan (referee)
Pollinator functional groups differ in their pollen carryover effectiveness and in the importance for particular species of plants, due to specific functional traits of pollinator functional groups. Plant species differ in their specific functional traits too. I determined pollen loads of pollinators by swabbing their bodies with a jelly to compare pollen carryover effectiveness of pollinator functional groups. This helped me to decide which pollinator functional groups are the most and the least effective in pollen carryover. I considered an influence of the last visited flower to make the comparison of pollen loads more accurate. I also calculated proportions of conspecific and heterospecific pollen grains carried on bodies of pollinators to estimate their carryover effectiveness. Likewise, I compared composition of pollen morphotypes carried on pollinator's bodies to find out differences among pollinator functional groups. My analysis shows that pollen carryover effectiveness of particular pollinator functional groups differ. Apis mellifera and solitary bees have the biggest pollen loads, on the other hand, butterfies and small dipterans have the smallest pollen loads. The last visited flower influences an amount of pollen grains carried on bodies of pollinators. Relative pollen loads of some...
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